Vyper is the brand new language of Ethereum. It aims to repair the problems of solidity especially regarding the security vulnerabilities. It is a simple contract based language, meaning one contract one file without any possibilities for inheritance, or cross-contract communication. The most important elements are the following:
Variables: variables are similar to solidity, the exception is that there is only public or the default visibility which is private. The atomic types are more or less the same, one exception is however that there are no shorthand types, like uint for uint256, or string for a byte array. One advantage is though that there is already decimal.
publicVariable: public(uint256)
privateVariable: int256
Functions are transactions as usual, one difference is certainly, the syntax is rather similar to the python syntax and not to javascript. Two more differences are that you must always explicitly include the function visibility which is @public or @private.
@public
def myFunction(_input1: uint256, _unput2: uint256) -> uint256:
return _input1 - _unput2
self keyword: if you want to refer to a state variable in your function, you can do only do it with explicitely marking with the self.variableName.
Constructor has a special name shown as __init__:
@public
def __init__
Events are similar to solidity events, the only difference is that you define them and raise them with different syntax:
MyEvent: event({_param1: uint256, _param2: uint256})
log.MyEvent(1,2)
Structs are similar to solidity, the only exception is that you can not use them dynamically as types, they are rather types and instantized variables in the same time.
exampleStruct: {
value1: int128,
value2: decimal
}
self.exampleStruct.value1 = 1
Error handling is much simplified. There is an assert that works similarly to solidity, however no other such error handling function is to be found.
assert 1 == 1
Loops: there are just a special kind of loop in Vyper that guarantees that the loop will end in a certain number of steps.
for i in range(0, 30):
Other elements of the language are pretty much similar to solidity. There aren't fallback functions, the possibility is to call another function of another smart contract is pretty limited (raw_call). There is a low level function to duplicate a code contract, but otherwise there is not really a dynamics contract creation pattern.
